Michal Ben Gal
Bibliographic details:
Roth, F., & Prior, T. (2019). Volunteerism in Disaster Management: Opportunities, Challenges and Instruments for Improvement. ETH Zurich.
Abstract:
Collaborations of civic society and public administration play a key role for successful emergency and disaster management. However, factors including new technologies, large-scale disaster events, and a differently engaged population are combining to bring new, spontaneous or emergent forms of volunteerism to official disaster management activities. This report addresses the challenges and opportunities of integrating such volunteers in disaster management and civil protection. Further, it details 1) the relationships between state crisis management and the social environment in which these relationships take place; and 2) the instruments available to support volunteerism in the context of disaster management and civil protection.
מתוך דו"ח שהוגש למשרד המדע והטכנולוגיה ולוועדת ההיגוי הבין משרדית להיערכות לרעידות אדמה, פברואר, 2017 (מענק מחקר מספר 3-10813)
מגישים: דברה שמואלי, ערן פייטלסון, אמנון רייכמן, מיכל בן גל, אהוד סגל, גד ברזילי ועלי זלצברגר
קישור לדו"ח: הערכת המערך הרגולטורי להתמודדות עם רעידות אדמה בישראל
מיפוי גופים רגולטוריים: גופים בעלי סמכויות וחובות הנוגעות להתמודדות עם רעידות אדמה והקשרים ביניהם
מפה אינטראקטיבית (הִדוּדִית) של הרגולציה לכל גוף על פי תחומי עשייה: טבלה הכוללת את תחומי העשייה השונים הנחוצים להתמודדות עם רעידות אדמה, והגופים השונים שלהם חובות וסמכויות בכל תחום עשייה. הטבלה מאפשרת לבחון מי הם הגופים האחראיים על כל תחום, וכן לבחון לאילו תחומי עשייה אחראי כל גוף. בנוסף, בשורה העליונה בטבלה נמצאים קישורים לפרוט הסמכויות והחובות והחובות של כל גוף, ומקור הסמכות / חובה (חוק בשחור / החלטת ממשלה באדום).
ראו גם באתר מרכז מינרבה לחקר שלטון החוק במצבי קיצון
פרסומים
Shmueli, Deborah, Ehud Segal, Michal Ben Gal, Eran Feitelson and Amon Reichman (2019). "Earthquake readiness in volatile regions: the case of Israel”, Natural Hazards (?) 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03698-x
Shmueli, Deborah, Michal Ben Gal, Ehud Segal, Amon Reichman and Eran Feitelson (2018). “How can regulatory systems be assessed? The case of earthquake preparedness in Israel”. Evaluation 25(1), 80-98.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1356389018803235
Bibliographic details:
Shmueli, D., Ben Gal, M., Segal E., Reichman, A. and Feitelson, E. (2018). How can regulatory systems be assessed? The case of earthquake preparedness in Israel. Evaluation, 25(1), 80-98.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1356389018803235
Abstract:
The aim of evaluating a regulatory system is to enable governments to improve the ways in which they function, regulate, and prioritize attention and resources to the system as a whole.
Academic and professional literatures provide useful principles with which to proceed. However, on-the-shelf methods for assessing regulatory systems with generic characteristics are scarce. The Regulatory System Scan and Assessment methodology was designed for this purpose and applied to the current regulatory framework that governs Israel’s actions to plan—mitigate, prepare, respond, and recover—from the damage which may be caused by a severe earthquake. Although there is oftentimes widespread agreement concerning the existence of problems in a regulatory system, there is rarely consensus or a thorough understanding of what those problems are. Only when problems are identified can policy makers create viable and effective solutions. Development of the Regulatory System Scan and Assessment is a step toward addressing this challenge.
Bibliographic details:
Faure, M. G. (2016). In the aftermath of the disaster: liability and compensation mechanisms as tools to reduce disaster risks. Stan. J. Int'l L., 52, 95.
Abstract:
A variety of instruments can be used to compensate victims in the aftermath of a disaster. This article argues that it is important to structure ex post compensation mechanisms in such a way that they also provide incentives for disaster risk reduction. To that end, the article analyzes the ability of a variety of instruments to provide incentives for disaster risk reduction. Further, it argues that where an operator who contributed to the disaster risk can be identified, liability rules can be employed to provide incentives to reduce the risk of disaster. In the case of natural disasters, firstparty insurance may be an appropriate tool to provide potential victims with incentives to reduce disaster risk.
In addition to analyzing the theoretical potential of various instruments to contribute to disaster risk reduction, this article provides many examples that show which instruments are used in practice. It also provides a critical analysis of international environmental agreements, arguing that the liability rules used in those agreements show particular features that may reduce their ability to contribute to disaster risk reduction. It therefore argues that there is substantial scope for policy change, more particularly in international environmental agreements. By making a smarter use of liability rules and having risk-dependent contributions to compensation mechanisms, the liability and compensation schemes in international environmental agreements could better contribute to disaster risk reduction than is currently the case.
Multihazard Mitigation Council & Council on Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (2015). Developing pre-disaster resilience based on public and private incentivization. Washington, DC
Developing pre-disaster resilience based on public and private incentivization
Resilience has come to occupy a place in public policy and programs across the United States. Yet, even in the face of growing losses and the deleterious effects of natural disasters, the nation’s capacity and appetite is waning for continued funding of federal and state pre- and postdisaster mitigation efforts to create resilience. A new approach is necessary—one focused on capturing all of the potential incentives provided by both the public and private sectors for preand post-hazard investment. The most cost-effective manner to achieve resilience is through a holistic and integrated set of public, private, and hybrid programs based on capturing opportunities available through mortgages and loans; insurance; finance; tax incentives and credits; grants; regulations; and enhanced building codes and their application. This focus on private/public-sector opportunities to induce corrective action is called “incentivization.”
This paper provides a catalogue of existing programs for different hazards that private and public-sector stakeholders can evaluate, and then modify or expand to develop incentives.
Fischhendler, I. (2017). The Use of Intangible Benefits for Promoting Contested Policies: The Case of Geopolitical Benefits and the Israeli Gas Policy. Geopolitics, 1-25.
Abstract:
The evaluation of many contested projects and policies often includes intangible benefits. Geopolitics represents one type of intangible benefit. Despite a few examples on the use of geopolitics to promote contested projects, there is a gap in the literature on how geopolitical argumentation is constructed for the purpose of promoting resource-based policies. Hence, the aim of this study is to use an Israeli case study to examine how geopolitical constructs are used to promote competing energy policies concerning recent gas discoveries and to provide rudimentary insights on the implications for policy making. It was found that the geopolitical rationale was an appealing rhetorical device for all players as it is both unquantifiable and hence difficult to disprove and is rooted in the Israeli societal context. As a result, coalitions built their own geopolitical rationales, each with its own rhetorical tools. These literary tools were often embedded in narratives of power and geographical language with emotional resonance. Yet, the Israeli case demonstrates that geopolitical constructs come at a detrimental price as they promote censorship and exclusion of the public from the process.
Daniel Felsenstein (Hebrew University) – Social Science; Public Policy
I am professor and department chair in the Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. My research interests lie in the area of modeling urban resilience to disasters (natural and anthropogenic). This work uses the tool box of spatial econometrics and agent based modeling in order to understand how cities recover from unanticipated shocks, whether they 'bounce back' to their previous equilibrium or a new state and just how stable these new conditions are.
I am principle investigator on a research project entitled "Increasing Urban Resilience to Large Scale Disasters: The Development of a Dynamic Integrated Model for Disaster Management and Socio-Economic Analysis"(.dim2sea.huji.ac.il) funded under the Israel-Japan Scientific Cooperation Program “ICT for a Resilient Society”. Within this project my research group has developed a dynamic agent based simulation model capable of calculating the medium to long term effects of disasters in terms of land use change, land price change, population change, labor market outcomes and change in urban morphology (CBD shifting etc).
Since 2012 I have published 9 papers and book chapters in peer-reviewed outlets on the topic of urban resilience in the aftermath of natural hazards and disasters. At present I am editing a special issue of the journal, International Journal of Disaster Risk Research (IJDRR), Elsevier, on the topic of Simulating Urban Resilience to Disasters, due to appear in 2018.
Personal site: http://danielfelsenstein.huji.ac.il
Link to Dynamic Integrated Model for Disaster Management and Socio-Economic Analysis (DIM2SEA) site