Bibliographic details:
Guadagno, L., Depietri, Y., & Fra, U. (2013). Urban disaster risk reduction and ecosystem services. The role of ecosystem services in disaster risk reduction. United Nations University, Bonn, 389-415
Abstract:
Urban areas are growing worldwide and for the first time in human history they host more than half of the total human population. They have always been the places where most human interactions take place and where cultural, economic and political activities are concentrated. On the one hand, urban areas have enabled human populations to be less reliant on local ecosystems, building a wider service network and relying on more distant areas for the supply of resources. On the other hand, urban areas are increasingly located in or expand into hazard-prone areas. Cities are also responsible for ecosystem degradation, diminishing their regulating functions and buffering capacity with respect to hazards, further increasing urban risk. Though “hard” engineered technologies have traditionally been adopted to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas to hazards, “soft” technologies, utilizing natural infrastructure to mitigate hazard impacts, often provide cost effective strategies, while also guaranteeing access to different sources of livelihoods. This chapter aims to introduce the particular features of disaster risk in urban areas, while focusing on both “local” and “distant” ecosystems and their role in mitigating the impacts of hazards in cities. Case studies are included which illustrate good practices in the adoption of an ecosystem approach in urban areas for disaster risk reduction.
Bibliographic details:
Gupta, A. K., & Nair, S. S. (Eds.). (2012). Ecosystem approach to disaster risk reduction. New Delhi: National Institute of Disaster Management
Abstract:
This book is intended to provide an overview of the concept of ecosystem approach to disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR), natural resource management and disaster linkages, incorporating Eco-DRR concepts in various phases of disaster management, including post disaster recovery in wide range of human and natural environmental settings. The case studies cover coastal, mountain and urban ecosystems and specific hydro-meteorological risks like floods, forest fire, epidemics and landslides.
Bibliographic details:
Hubbard, D. W. (2009). The failure of risk management: Why it's broken and how to fix it. John Wiley & Sons.
Abstract:
An essential guide to the calibrated risk analysis approach.
The Failure of Risk Management takes a close look at misused and misapplied basic analysis methods and shows how some of the most popular "risk management" methods are no better than astrology!
Using examples from the 2008 credit crisis, natural disasters, outsourcing to China, engineering disasters, and more, Hubbard reveals critical flaws in risk management methods and shows how all of these problems can be fixed. The solutions involve combinations of scientifically proven and frequently used methods from nuclear power, exploratory oil, and other areas of business and government. Finally, Hubbard explains how new forms of collaboration across all industries and government can improve risk management in every field.
Bibliographic details:
Jaeger, C. C., Webler, T., Rosa, E. A., & Renn, O. (2013). Risk, uncertainty and rational action. Routledge
Abstract:
Risk as we now know it is a wholly new phenomenon, the by-product of our ever more complex and powerful technologies. In business, policy making, and in everyday life, it demands a new way of looking at technological and environmental uncertainty. In this definitive volume, four of the world's leading risk researchers present a fundamental critique of the prevailing approaches to understanding and managing risk - the 'rational actor paradigm'. They show how risk studies must incorporate the competing interests, values, and rationalities of those involved and find a balance of trust and acceptable risk. Their work points to a comprehensive and significant new theory of risk and uncertainty and of the decision making process they require. The implications for social, political, and environmental theory and practice are enormous. This title is winner of the 2000-2002 Outstanding Publication Award of the Section on Environment and Technology of the American Sociological Association.
Bibliographic details:
Kaplan, M., Renaud, F. G., & Lüchters, G. (2009). Vulnerability assessment and protective effects of coastal vegetation during the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(4), 1479-1494
Abstract:
The tsunami of December 2004 caused extensive human and economic losses along many parts of the Sri Lankan coastline. Thanks to extensive national and international solidarity and support in the aftermath of the event, most people managed to restore their livelihoods completely but some households did not manage to recover completely from the impacts of the event. The differential in recovery highlighted the various vulnerabilities and coping capacities of communities exposed to the tsunami. Understanding the elements causing different vulnerabilities is crucial to reducing the impact of future events, yet capturing them comprehensively at the local level is a complex task. This research was conducted in a tsunami-affected area in southwestern Sri Lanka to evaluate firstly the role of coastal vegetation in buffering communities against the tsunami and secondly to capture the elements of vulnerability of affected communities. The area was chosen because of its complex landscape, including the presence of an inlet connecting the Maduganga estuary with the sea, and because of the presence of remaining patches of coastal vegetation. The vulnerability assessment was based on a comprehensive vulnerability framework and on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework in order to detect inherent vulnerabilities of different livelihood groups. Our study resulted in the identification of fishery and labor-led households as the most vulnerable groups. Unsurprisingly, analyses showed that damages to houses and assets decreased quickly with increasing distance from the sea. It could also be shown that the Maduganga inlet channeled the energy of the waves, so that severe damages were observed at relatively large distances from the sea. Some reports after the tsunami stated that mangroves and other coastal vegetation protected the people living behind them. Detailed mapping of the coastal vegetation in the study area and subsequent linear regression revealed significant differences between three vegetation classes present in the area with regard to water level and damages to houses. As our region showed homogeneity in some important factors such as coastal topography, our results should only be generalised to comparable regions.
- Chapter 10 emphasizes on the ecological aspects of disaster risk reduction and post-disaster recovery planning.
- Chapter 11 discusses the potential of Environmental Impact Assessment in (EIA) and other policy instruments in facilitating disaster risk reduction and in improving the ecosystem services.
- Chapter 12 gives a description of ecological approach to post disaster recovery planning with the objective of mitigating future risks.
Bibliographic details:
Kappes, M. S., Keiler, M., von Elverfeldt, K., & Glade, T. (2012). Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review. Natural hazards, 64(2), 1925-1958.
Abstract:
Many areas of the world are prone to several natural hazards, and effective risk reduction is only possible if all relevant threats are considered and analyzed. However, in contrast to single-hazard analyses, the examination of multiple hazards poses a range of additional challenges due to the differing characteristics of processes. This refers to the assessment of the hazard level, as well as to the vulnerability toward distinct processes, and to the arising risk level. As comparability of the single-hazard results is strongly needed, an equivalent approach has to be chosen that allows to estimate the overall hazard and consequent risk level as well as to rank threats. In addition, the visualization of a range of natural hazards or risks is a challenging task since the high quantity of information has to be depicted in a way that allows for easy and clear interpretation. The aim of this contribution is to give an outline of the challenges each step of a multi-hazard (risk) analysis poses and to present current studies and approaches that face these difficulties.
Bibliographic details:
Kendrick, T. (2015). Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. Amacom
Abstract:
Projects—especially complex ones—are inherently risky. Between time constraints, technical challenges, and resource issues, things can easily go wrong—making the identification of potential risks an essential component of every project manager's job.
Fully updated and consistent with the Risk Management Professional (RMP) certification and the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), Identifying and Managing Project Risk remains the definitive resource for project managers seeking to guard against failure.
Drawing on real-world situations and hundreds of examples, the book outlines the risk management process and provides proven methods for project risk planning. Readers will learn how to use high-level risk assessment tools, implement a system for monitoring and controlling projects, and properly document every consideration. Analyzing aspects such as project scope, available resources, and scheduling, the third edition also offers fresh guidance on program risk management, qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, simulation and modeling, and significant "non-project" risks.
This practical book will help readers eliminate surprises and keep projects on track.
Bibliographic details:
Koller, G. R. (2000). Risk modeling for determining value and decision making. Boca Raton, Fla: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Abstract:
Risk or uncertainty assessments are used as aids to decision making in nearly every aspect of business, education, and government. As a follow-up to the author's bestselling Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Business and Industry: A Practical Guide, Risk Modeling for Determining Value and Decision Making presents comprehensive examples of risk/uncertainty analyses from a broad range of applications.
Decision/option selection Manufacturing
Environmental assessment Pricing
Identification of business drivers Production sharing
Insurance Scheduling and optimization
Investing Security
Law
Emphasizing value as the focus of risk assessment, this book offers discussions on how to make decisions using each risk model and what insights the model can provide. The presentation of each model also includes computer code that encapsulates its logic and direction on how to apply the model to other types of problems.
The author devotes a chapter to techniques for consistently collecting data in an inconsistent world and offers another chapter on how to reflect the effect of "soft" issues in the value of an opportunity. The book's final chapters delineate the techniques and technologies used to perform risk/uncertainty analyses, including sections on distribution, Monte Carlo process, dependence, sensitivity analysis, time series analysis, and chance of failure.
Bibliographic details:
Lewis, H. W. (1992). Technological risk. WW Norton & Company.
Abstract:
What are the real dangers, if any, toxic chemicals, the greenhouse effect, microwave radiation, nuclear power, air travel, automobile travel, carcinogens of all kinds, and other threats to our peace of mind?
Risks seem to abound in our everyday lives, especially the risks flowing from the explosion of our modern technology, with its pesticides, pollution, nuclear power, microwave radiation and chemical trace elements in food of all kinds. Two questions face all of us: how real are these risks and, if real, how do we manage our lives in order to avoid personal damage from them? The book examines these questions, delving into the nature and true seriousness of risk (as opposed to how bad the risk seems to be), into how we measure risk and how we regulate it. Lewis includes the latest scientific information on carcinogens and the greenhouse effect as well as detailed discussion of road safety, the risk of air travel, nuclear power and acid rain.
Bibliographic details:
McEntire, D. A. (2015). Disaster response and recovery: Strategies and tactics for resilience. John Wiley & Sons.
Abstract:
Provides an overview of the various types of disasters that may occur, the myriad of actors that are involved in emergency management, and the diverse theoretical frameworks from which post-disaster activities may be approached.
• Includes updated chapters keeping the material fresh and accessible while incorporating recent changes in policy and new research
• Highlights lessons learned from such incidents and catastrophes as: Hurricane Katrina, Earthquake in Haiti, Parking lot collapse in Miami, West Texas industrial explosion, Train wreck in Spain, Aurora movie shooting, Times Square bombing, etc.
• Examines typical challenges to be expected during response efforts along with tools and techniques to enhance the ability to protect lives, reduce property damage and minimized disruption
• Includes an instructor package which contains: Sample Syllabus, Teaching Suggestions, Test bank, and PowerPoints